Viola arcuata

如意草

Viola arcuata Bl.

名彙資訊

特徵描述

典藏標本

數位照片

分布位置

相關資訊

名彙資訊

學名發表文獻

Bl. 1825. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië 2: 58. (Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.)

台灣首次記錄發表文獻

Nakai. 1919. The Botanical magazine, Tokyo 33: 204. (Bot. Mag. Tokyo)

異名與其在台灣首次使用的文獻

Viola arcuata Bl. var. verecunda (A. Gray) Nakai

Nakai. 1922. The Botanical magazine, Tokyo 36: 88. (Bot. Mag. Tokyo)
Viola arcuata Bl. var. verecunda (A. Gray) Nakai f. rasicans (Makino) Nakai

Nakai. 1922. The Botanical magazine, Tokyo 36: 88. (Bot. Mag. Tokyo)
Viola verecunda A. Gray

Forbes & Hemsl. 1886. The journal of the Linnean Society of London. Botany 23: 56. (J. Linn. Soc., Bot.)
Viola verecunda A. Gray f. hensoaensis Kudo & Sasaki

Kudo & Sasaki. 1931. Annual report of the Taihoku botanic garden, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Taihoku Imperial Univeristy , Formosa, Japan 1: 37. (Ann. Rep. Taihoku Bot. Gard.)
Viola verecunda A. Gray f. radicans Makino

Lin. 1950. Taiwania 1: 277.

各語言俗名

中

如意草、匍菫菜、日月潭匍菫菜、葡菫菜
日

においすみれ、つぼすみれ、はいつぼすみれ

參考文獻

Yang. 1982. A list of plants in Taiwan. (List Pl. Taiwan)
Jenn-Che Wang, Tseng-Chieng Huang. 1990. Taiwania 35(1): 12-56.

特徵描述

生活型

herb

形態特徵

Perennial herb; rhizome erect to ascending, rather stout; stem up to 60 cm high, slender, procumbent to ascending or erect, often rooted at lower nodes.
Leaves 1.2 –3.5 cm long, 1.5–6 cm broad, broadly hastate, sometimes ovate or orbicular, broadly and deeply to shallowly cordate at base, with prominent basal lobes, usually converging, cuspidate to obtuse at apex, crenulate on the margin, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on both surface, herbaceous, sometimes thicker; petioles 1–14 cm long, slender; stipules of the radical leaves brown, membraneous, lanceolate, acute, slightly serrate, 6–10 mm long, 1–2 mm broad; stipules of the cauline leaves green, 4–14 mm long, 1–5 mm broad, prominent and sometimes leaf-like, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, slightly dentate to almost entire, glabrous.
Flowers small, ca. 1–1.5 cm across, white to pale purple, with darker veins; peduncles 2–15 cm long, slender; sepals 3–5 mm long, 1–1.5 mm broad, lanceolate, acute, entire, glabrous; appendage ca. 1 mm long, rounded, glabrous; petals oblong to oblanceolate, lateral ones bearded, the basal shortest, emarginate at apex; spur 1–2 mm long, equalling or slightly exceeding calycine appendages, cylindrical, obtuse; styles 1.2–1.4 mm long, geniculate at base, clavate distally, with rounded marginal lobes at apex and conspicuously anterior stigmatic beak.
Capsules 5–10 mm long, oblong, glabrous. Seeds ovoid, ca. 1.2–1.4 mm long with inconspicuous elaiosome.
Chromosome number n=12.

分布

世界 : India, N. Burma, S. China, Indochina, Sumatra, Java, the Philippines, Moluccas, New Guinea.

引證標本

TAIPEI: Yangmingshan, Huang 9322); Chishingshan, Wang 3554. ILAN: Shuanlienpei, Wang 5066. TAOYUAN: Yangmei, Wang 4143; HSINCHU: Simada s. n. 1910; MIAOLI: Sasaki s. n. 1910; TAICHUNG: Lishan, Wang 4303b. NANTOU: Sun-Moon Lake, Kudo & Sasaki 15640 (Type of V. verrucunda form. hensoaensis, TAI!).